Category Archives: Silent Cinema

CH. 11: DAVE HARTMAN, MENTOR

By Joe Rinaudo

Dave Hartman

CHAPTER 1   CHAPTER 2   CHAPTER 3   CHAPTER 4    CHAPTER 5   CHAPTER 6   CHAPTER 7   CHAPTER 8   CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10   

Chapter 11

So now the year is 1977 and work on my Fotoplayer is going well. Fine-tuning the sound effects was quite a project. The American Photoplayer company used a slider mechanism that made the snare drum, thunder, castanet, and tambourine sound effects repeat (shake quickly). The trick is to make the effects repeat in such a way that when the button on the piano console is pushed down, to activate the effect, the person operating the Fotoplayer can give a little “English” to the performance. What I mean by English is that by just tapping the control button you can get one click or strike. Or by holding the button down you get a repeating sound from the effect. This gives the operator more control of how the sound effect can be used. Dave said that this simple adjustment was very important for musical as well as screen action purposes. This was very hard to set up. Because the valve, slider, return spring, and striker pneumatic all have to be in exact adjustment with each other to get the desired control of the sound effect. Speaking of English, the American-style 20 Photoplayer, in addition to the foot pedals and trap buttons, has eight pull cords. Each has its own unique pull to properly play the sound effect. The tom-tom drum, cymbal, chime, and crash cymbal have stops to prevent the over-pulling of the pull cord. Not only does this save the effect from damage but allows the beater at the end of the pull cord to properly “whip” the effect without blocking or resting against the effect which would mute the sound of the effect. These are what I call controlled pulls. Each has its own spring tension to allow the operator to give English to the performance but not allow the beater to block the sound of the effect by traveling too far. The other four are what I call “wild” pulls, these are used on the locomotive whistle, wind siren, bass drum, and gunshot. The gunshot should be the hardest pull possible to create the right loud “pop” sound but the other three allow, with the correct return spring tension, the operator the opportunity to pull hard or lightly depending on the mood/sound that is required. This has to be set up properly and the operator has to remember how to pull each cord to achieve the correct effect. Since the bass drum has no stop, care must be taken to properly play it.  

When I was working at Glendale Memorial Hospital, in the food service department, I started dating a nurse. On a few occasions, she would accompany me on trips to Dave’s house. I had confided to her that Dave was lonely since his wife had passed away. My girlfriend said that one of her friends, also a nurse at the hospital, was in need of a boyfriend! So, we started double dating and had some fun times. On one such occasion, we decided to go to the Old Town Music Hall in El Segundo, California. This was a very wonderful place that shows silent movies with live pipe organ accompaniment. Since Dave’s new girlfriend had never seen or heard a real silent movie pipe organ, Dave thought that this would be a great way to expose her to something that he liked. This was to see just how compatible to his tastes that she might be.  While standing in line, at the Music Hall, Dave spotted an old customer from the Carty Piano days. Dave took us over and introduced us to Mr. Cecil Dover. I found out that Dave had built/restored an O roll mortuary organ into an orchestrion that played the original pipes and piano with added xylophone, drumsand other traps like a triangle, castanets, etc. An O is the type of paper roll that makes the instrument play. Little did I know that this introduction would prove to be a very important one in the future direction that my life’s path would take! 

Dave had a few other girlfriends since, due to the fact that she was not very enamored with pipe organs or silent movies. Dave moved on to meet other potential partners. In October Dave kept talking about a new lady that he had met at a Halloween party. He called her Joanie and she had met and loved his kids. After several dates with her Dave kept bragging how much he liked her. I asked when I might be able to meet her. Dave also wanted Joanie to see my Fotoplayer and then go out to dinner. I finally got to meet Joanie and demonstrate the Fotoplayer for her! She was quite amazed and delighted. I then realized that Dave had found a prize. We went to dinner at (where else) Mike’s Pizza which she also liked. I found Joanie to be kind, funny, and most of all, seemed to love Dave and his children very much. Joanie was of Irish, Polish, German, and Scottish ancestry, most of which were warring nations, and she was from New York!  Because of this combination, Dave didn’t stand a chance! She had the amazing ability to keep Dave under control with humor and her ancestry’s determination. When Dave seemed to be acting up a little too much, all Joanie had to say, with her New York accent, was: “Alright, Hartman that’s enough!” It seemed to always work. Why didn’t I think of that?  

It was now January 1978. After several dates and quality time spent with the new couple, I confided in Dave that I thought this new lady in his life was a “keeper”. Not only did Dave agree but said that Joanie had asked Dave: “Why don’t we get married?” Dave was reluctant to ask Joanie because of the age difference. Dave was several years older than Joanie. Dave thought what would she want with an old man like me? Well, as far as I was concerned age is only a number and since Dave never acted his age this was a match made in heaven.

In July of 1978, Dave told me that he and Joanie were going to Las Vegas to get married! After I had congratulated him, he asked me if I would like to go with them. I asked Dave “Why would you want me to go?” He said, “Because we need another witness and I need a best man!” Of course, I agreed as this was a big honor for Dave and Joanie to bestow on me! I found out that the second witness was Joanie’s sister Annie. A few days later all four of us piled into Dave’s old Chevy truck and off we went.

Photo by Z7 Arts

When we arrived in Las Vegas it was very hot. I noticed that when Joanie got out of the truck, her rear end was multicolored! Apparently, Dave’s kids had left some crayon shavings on the seat of the truck just in the position of Joanie’s rear end. Add some very hot weather, a long ride, and voila!  Joanie’s introduction to motherhood! After meeting up with Annie we went to the courthouse where a justice of the peace performed the marriage ceremony. Later we went out for dinner at an inexpensive diner where we were met by one of Dave’s clients, Lennie Marvin. Lennie bought dinner for all of us. Lucky for Lennie it was inexpensive or maybe that is why he offered to pay! After dinner Lennie asked Dave when he was planning to pick up the gambling machines and deliver them to Lennie’s garage where he kept items that he rented out as movie props. Now, this was the first time that Joanie or I had heard of this! By the surprised look on her face, I don’t think that Joanie was very happy with this situation. I guess this is going to be a working honeymoon.

Dave and Joanie tie the knot in Las Vegas

The next day we went over to a warehouse owned by Mr. Roy Arrington. Lennie had purchased two upright gambling machines from the Arrington Auction house. The machines were destined to be used in a film shoot in California.  Mr. Arrington cautioned Dave that these gambling machines are working. While they are legal to own in Nevada, this was not the case in California. If we got caught crossing the border with working gambling machines they would be seized by the authorities and destroyed! Anyone caught with one could be fined or spend time in jail. Waiting for us in Mr. Arrington’s air conditioned office, Joanie was not privy to this conversation about crossing the border. Dave told me that we should not say anything about this to Joanie. As Dave put it, “This is her special day and we don’t want to do anything that might upset her”. I told Dave that she would be more than upset if we got stopped! Dave told me that he had a plan. So, we put part one of Dave’s plan into action by covering the machines with a large tarp. Part two of his plan was to place a paper sign on the dashboard. This sign read, “Bud and Lou”. I said, “What the hell is that supposed to do?” Dave told me that this was the title of a film about the lives of Abbott and Costello that was in production. If we get stopped, he would tell the border guards that these are nonworking props for the film. Actually, the machines were to be used in another film. What a way to spend a honeymoon! 

If I said that the ride back was uneventful, I would be right. Except for the fact that as we got closer to the border the more nervous, I became. So here we are approaching the California border and Dave seemed calm as a cucumber! Joanie, the oblivious bride, was happy and laughing at something that she was reading, and I, hoped that this was all a bad dream! Well, we are now in line and I can see up ahead that the border guards are stopping some vehicles and searching them! After I have spent some very tense moments we get stopped by a guard. He looks at the back of the truck then looks at Dave and asks if we have any fruit in the truck that we need to declare. Dave says no and he waives us on! After a few minutes, to collect my thoughts, I shouted: “Oh my God the sign worked?!” I looked over at Dave who just smiled. Then Joanie asked: “What sign?” Dave said: “The Bud and Lou sign on the dash. You remember the things in the back of the truck are for Lennie Marvin. He is renting them out for the film shoot.” Once again, Dave had pulled his fat out of the fire. Talk about dodging the bullet twice!   

Being an avid film collector myself, I found out that Dave shared my passion for silent and early sound comedies. He would come over to my house to watch Buster Keaton, Laurel & Hardy, Our Gang, Mack Sennett, and many other old, silent, and sound, comedies that I had collected in 16mm. Dave had expressed an interest in having a theater at his house to show 16mm film as well. I was using a 1950s RCA 400 junior projector as they are very gentle on the older films.

RCA 400 Projector

So, I gave him an old RCA model 200 that I had gotten from an old RCA technician by the name of Mr. Nobel Hickie. Nobel was one of the original RCA Photophone technicians at the MGM Studios when sound first came to the movies. Nobel had worked there in the 1930s and he knew Stan Laurel! Stan had given Nobel an original derby that Stan had worn in the Laurel and Hardy films! This was always an item that I had to look at when I would go over to Nobel’s house.

Nobel had set up a small shop in his home and would fix RCA projectors and their amplifiers for 16mm film collectors. Dave and I would go over there to get our projectors worked on when there was something wrong that we couldn’t fix ourselves. Nobel was an invaluable source of knowledge and had a huge supply of new and old stock parts for the RCA 16mm projectors. He was also very inexpensive. This was something very important to a young film collector. I will always remember that when Nobel would test an amplifier that he had just finished, being a man of 80 years plus, he would remove his teeth then grab a microphone and make a loud raspberry spitting sound to prove that the amplifier was now in working order. He told me that without teeth he could make the raspberry sound to test his amplifier repair with better results! Once the raspberry sound boomed from the projector’s speaker then he knew that all was right with his repair.

RCA 201 Projector

Noble had worked for some famous people including actors. He said that in the 1940’s the best 16mm projector made was the RCA 201. This was a very heavy projector with a cast iron frame. The projector weighed about 65 pounds. It had a separate 20-pound speaker cabinet with a handle. They both had wooden skids attached to the bottom of both units so they could be thrown into a truck for transport. They were designed for military and industrial uses. These were very well-built projectors. They had a two-blade shutter which allowed more light to hit the screen. They had two large slow-turning sprocket wheels to control the film’s travel. This made them easier on film as opposed to other projectors that had several small fast-turning sprocket wheels (which can damage older film). They also had a 20-watt amplifier (as opposed to my RCA 400 which only had a 5-watt amplifier). Nobel had a few of the 201 projectors around his house and I asked if I could purchase one. He showed me two that had Otto K. Olesen brass plates on them. He told me that the Otto K. Olesen Company sold motion picture equipment to people in the film industry. Nobel was the RCA repairman for Otto K. Olesen. The two projectors were brought back to him a few years back because they were now too heavy for their owners to carry. One was owned by the actor Robert Young and the other was owned by cameraman James Wong Howe! Both of these men were friends of Nobel and wanted him to have them so he could fix them and sell them. I purchased both of them that day. After using them for a few weeks I was in love with them. So, I went back to see if I could purchase a few more! When I asked Nobel If he might have one or two more that I might buy he looked at me with a sly look and said, “Say boy you had better go easy on them!”.  At twenty-seven years of age, I thought that this was a silly comment because they are easy for me to carry! Now, some 45 years later, I know what he meant! Those damn things are getting heavier with every passing year! 

Otto K. Olesen Co. brass plate on a RCA 201 Projector 

Since I knew a lot of places to purchase 16mm films, one being Blackhawk Films in Davenport, Iowa, Dave purchased some for his home theater. Dave’s theater was just the living room with the projector situated behind the couch. The living room was very small so with the projector, Dave, Joanie, me, and his two small children in the same room there was hardly any room for anybody else to sit and watch films. In no time at all, Dave had solved this space problem by punching a hole in the wall between the living room and the garage. By parking Joanie’s car in the driveway, the garage was now the projection booth and film storage area. Not to say that Joanie had any say in the matter but being good-natured she apparently went along with the plan for the new Hartman Theater. Now the couch could be placed tightly against the wall, that the projector was behind, giving more room for guests.

There were many happy times spent at Dave’s house watching films. It became a Friday night tradition at British Car Service (where I was working) to chug down some Micky’s Big Mouth beers and drive over to Dave’s house with Dick and Sallye Van Hoose (my boss and his wife) for an evening of fun with Dave and Joanie. The evening would start with Dick challenging me to another beer-chugging contest. Since I was already half in the bag from chugging a few at work on an empty stomach, I never realized that I was winning the contest every time because Dick would chug slower just to let me get loaded before dinner. Then we would all go to Mike’s Pizza and have dinner.

Mike’s Pizza in Van Nuys

I would usually eat a basket or two of the best garlic rolls on the planet. Followed by an Italian dinner salad and a medium pizza. All of this was washed down by one (or two) schooners of beer. The “schooner” was Budweiser on tap kept near freezing served in a pre-frozen 24-ounce goblet! By the time we got back to Dave and Joanie’s house, I was definitely feeling no pain! The evening would continue with us watching films into the wee hours. Dick and Sallye, yes, that’s how she spelled her name, would drive me home where I would collapse into bed and wake up the next morning feeling like, to quote W.C. Fields, “The next morning I felt like the entire Russian army had marched over my tongue with muddy feet!” Ah, to be 27 again! This is one of the reasons that in my later years, I gave up the art of drink! 

To be continued…

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Do You Have
EXPERTISE in NON-PROFITS?

Joe Rinaudo, founder of Silent Cinema Society, is currently forming a non-profit which he calls SCAT —Silent Cinema Art and Technology — to fund the restoration and preservation of the actual machines and media of the silent era.

Advice and suggestions in the area of non-profits are most welcome. Contact Joe Rinaudo here.

Through Silent Cinema Society, which is comprised of you, the fans and supporters of silent cinema, Joe will continue to enlighten and entertain with The Newsreel newsletter; this Silent Cinema Society website; and hopefully soon, live shows where audiences are once again able to wear big hats that block the screen. SCAT, the non-profit, will also support Silent Cinema Society so that information and entertainment will continue to be presented to you, silent cinema fans. Lady, will you please take off that big hat!

• Movies in The Park • Saturday, July 29, 2023

This year, movies in the park will be at 8:00 p.m. on Saturday, July 29, 2023, at Two Strike Park 5107 Rosemont Ave., La Crescenta, CA 91214.

Screen provided by Shane Glander and Elisabeth Zarate. Refreshments provided by the Crescenta Valley Historical Society (for a small donation). I will be assisted by Gary Gibson who will provide original glass lantern slide shows before the show and while I change reels. This will be done by using the original magic lantern attachment on the motion picture machine.   

The entire show will be hand cranked on a 1909 Power’s motion picture machine. All films will be new 35mm prints struck from original negatives by FotoKem Film and Video Laboratory, Burbank, California. A live keyboard player will accompany all films.

The show will feature the films of Laurel & Hardy, Charley Chase, Mack Sennett, Our Gang, and Harold Lloyd.   

Come see how original itinerant film shows were done over a hundred years ago. Bring your own chairs, blankets, food, and something to drink (or get refreshments from the Historical Society of the Crescenta Valley). The show is free and brought to you by the Historical Society of the Crescenta Valley and the Los Angeles County Parks Department. 

For more information please call: (818) 688-0311 or email: Friendsofrockhaven@gmail.com

 

 

CH. 10: DAVE HARTMAN, MENTOR

By Joe Rinaudo

Dave Hartman

CHAPTER 1   CHAPTER 2   CHAPTER 3   CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 5   CHAPTER 6CHAPTER 7  CHAPTER 8   CHAPTER 9



Chapter 10

Since I started my new job at British Car Service, I had more money to invest into my fledgling new business of Antique Lighting. 

With my newfound interest in making and restoring old lighting fixtures (thanks to Dave’s inspiration).  I started a search for as many catalogs of lighting fixture parts as I could find. The Yorkville Co., Cal-American lamp parts, De Rosa Lamp parts, and several others all of which had a lot of really fantastic old-time lamp parts! I had found old-style  electric light sockets and shade holders (for the electric arms). I found reproduction gas keys and gas shade holders (for the gas arms) along with the matching Victorian-style glass shades for them. There were also fancy castings, armbacks, brass turnings, and back plates for Victorian wall sconces.  I finally had enough parts to make my first gas-electric wall sconce. Since Dave and I had already made the circle arm for my Laurel and Hardy wall sconce, I now had the resources to buy all of the other parts to make my lamp complete!

Inspiration for circle wall sconce. Laurel and Hardy in “Going Bye-Bye” 1934.

When I showed Dave all of the catalogs that I had received, we were both amazed at all of the old-style lamp parts that were still available. In no time at all Dave and I had selected all of the parts necessary to make the first complete gas-electric wall sconce that I had always wanted. Since it was from a Laurel and Hardy film, I decided to name it the “Laurel”. What a fun and great thing to be able to think up a design based on an original fixture and then actually build it in my own shop! After polishing and clear coating all of the parts, I wired and assembled it with the glass shades. I couldn’t wait to show Dave the finished product!

I arrived at Dave’s house to show him my new creation. Dave’s first comment was somewhat positive. Then the master began his critiquing of the apprentice’s work!  He pointed out that the gas valve wasn’t exactly centered at the bottom of the gas arm. The gas shade holder wasn’t exactly dead straight and had not been polarized so that the three fitter screws that held the gas shade were not in a symmetrical position in relation to the fixture. There was run in the clear coat and my polishing wheel did not get into every nook and crevice so these areas were not highly polished enough! At first, I was angry and frustrated at Dave’s seemingly harsh and negative assessment of my first solo creation. Dave went on to say “If you are going to spend the time and effort to do something, DO IT RIGHT!” 

I know that I didn’t say a lot after that but just put my poor (apparently) ugly creation back in its box and drove home. On the way home I realized what Dave was telling me in his own “special” way. Once back at my shop, I decided to take the lamp all apart and make all of the corrections that Dave had so abruptly pointed out. Once my Frankenstein was reworked, it looked fantastic! I was now wondering what would Dave think?

So, a couple of days later I drove back to Dave’s shop. I sheepishly brought my lamp back into his shop to see if I had made any kind of changes that the master would approve of.  I handed the lamp (wrapped in a towel) to Dave. He looked at me and said, “What is this shit?” I said, “Just unwrap it!” When he pulled the lamp out of the towel, he stared at it for what seemed like an eternity. Then he said with a smile “Now this is a lamp!”

The finished “Laurel” gas-electric wall sconce.

If I had learned anything at all by working with Dave it is that he expects you to do your best. I remembered how exacting he had taught me to be with the Fotoplayer restoration.  I told Dave I was sorry that I had screwed up the lamp build. Dave said that he had seen me do such nice clean restoration work on the Fotoplayer he was surprised to see the mistakes I had made with the lamp. I told Dave that I was in a hurry to make it because I was eager to see it finished and show it to him. I had, perhaps, cut too many corners.  Dave said, “I felt that you needed a kick in the ass to make you realize that making a lamp is no different than restoring a F _ _ king Fotoplayer!” This valuable lesson would stay with me for the rest of my life. What I didn’t realize at the time is that this lesson would also prove to be a very important part of my future of manufacturing unique lamps.

After a few more American Fotoplayer collectors asked me to reproduce console lamps for their Fotoplayers I decided it might be fun to reproduce Victorian lamps. I went through all of the lamp catalogs to see what parts were available that might inspire me to make another unique Victorian lamp. 

My mother bragged to one of her friends that I could fix lamps. This friend had a poor old broken ceiling lamp from the turn of the century. It was a four-arm ceiling fixture with one arm broken. She said that  she had found it in a junk store. Since I couldn’t easily reproduce this arm with my “pulley” method. I decided to take it over to Dave to see if he might have an idea as to how to recreate this one arm so it matched the other three. Once Dave saw the fixture, he noticed that all of the arms were not the same shape. They had probably been hand bent so that two arms sort of matched each other as did the other two but each set of two didn’t match the other set. Dave suggested that we make all four arms new so they would be all the same shape. When I asked, “Just how in the hell could we do that?” Dave calmly said, “Build a bending jig of course!” I thought that by changing all four arms I would be changing the originality of the lamp. When I expressed my misgivings to Dave he said “Look, the lamp is a no-value piece of crap! Do you want to hand her back a polished turd or a fine lamp?” In no time at all (as I helped and watched in amazement) Dave cut a piece of ¾ inch plywood to a specific shape, turned out on his wood lathe two wooden pulleys with grooves the size of the tubing, cut a large handle (for bending leverage), Formed a piece of steel strap to hold it all together, drilled it all and assembled it. 

Original tube bending jig #1 Made in Dave’s shop.

We bent four arms to the basic shape of the original arms. The only difference was that they all matched! I brought the arms and the bending jig back to my shop and completed the restoration of the lamp. Wow! My first restoration. I must say that my mother’s friend was more than delighted with her new lamp! Dave and I decided to name the jig number 1. As a side note (46 years later) my lighting company still uses old jig number 1!  Over the next several years that Dave and I worked together, Dave produced twenty-five more bending jigs that my lighting company has been using for almost fifty years. 

Dave and I had many adventures going to the various lamp supply houses in Los Angeles. This was a time before computers so everything was done by hand. Writing up each order and receipt with pen and paper. This took time and there was usually a line at each parts house. One parts house stood out from the rest by its strict rules. It was owned and run by a very grumpy little old man. He and his clerk (who was a few bricks shy of a load) would wait on customers at the front desk. The word on the street was that this owner’s nickname was Grumpy because of his small stature and attitude, some people thought that he resembled Grumpy the dwarf from Snow White. Grumpy was always watching his clerk wait on the customers. You had to stand in line and ask no questions about anything until you got up to the desk. Then, if you had any questions, you could ask Grumpy who would usually add a few verbal insults with his answer. If you misbehaved (in Grumpy’s mind) he would send you to the back of the line. Years later we would all come to know a person like this as the soup Nazi from the Seinfeld show. Since Grumpy had a New York accent he could have been the soup Nazi’s father! Well, I had neglected to warn Dave about the Draconian law of this particular parts house. When you entered this place, you walked by bins and shelves of new lamp parts. You had to bring in numbers for your order or you could look at and take note of the numbers on the bins and shelves. So, when you finally got up to the desk you could ask Grumpy’s clerk to fetch them for you. 

When we arrived, Dave walked over to a bin of porcelain light sockets. these bins were on the floor. He picks up a clear plastic bag of twenty sockets to examine them. Before I could warn him, Grumpy shouts at Dave: “DON’T TOUCH THE MERCHANDISE!” All the heads of the people in line look back to see who the latest victim was. Dave disgustedly throws the bag of sockets back down in the bin and I see that a few got broken! Fortunately, a man in line started laughing and a distracted Grumpy shouts: “BE QUIET! THAT’S NOT FUNNY!” Realizing that Grumpy had not thought to check the sockets (because of his scolding the laughing man) we quietly got in line. 

Finally, up at the desk, we began to place our order with the clerk. He was a short, heavy-set, but a happy and simple soul. I noticed that Grumpy was not at the desk but was on the phone in his office. His office was directly behind where the clerk was standing so he could keep an eye on everything while he was on the phone. Once I had made it clear to the clerk what my order was all about and this took a little doing. He slowly went away to collect my parts. He finally returns with all of the parts and spreads them out on the desk for my inspection. I am noticing that Grumpy is scowling with clinched teeth from his desk behind the clerk.  All the while still on the phone but watching intently what is about to transpire. The clerk lines up ten armbacks with the hole facing us and says “These cute things always remind me of little diver’s helmets.” Now Grumpy, hanging up the phone, is still scowling and getting up from his desk! The helper grabs two of the armbacks (little diver helmets) and starts humming some kind of a hornpipe song while twisting the little “helmets” from side to side and making a boop-boop sound with each turn. Now he is singing: “Boop-boop little diver helmets, boop-boop little diver helmets.”  Grumpy rushes up from behind and shouts “WHAT THE HELL DO YOU THINK YOU ARE DOING? GET TO WORK!” The clerk, startled by this, screams and throws the little helmets up in the air! There was dead silence. I’m sure that everyone was laughing inside but did not dare show it!

Armbacks, a.k.a., little diver’s helmets.

So, Grumpy pushes his poor clerk out of the way and takes over finishing our order. He adds up everything with a calculator the says “Let’s see if the calculator is correct.” He then proceeds to add up the order with a pencil and paper. As soon as he was finished, I gave him the money, and Dave and I quickly got out of there. 

Once back to the safety of Dave’s shop, I decided that the best way to make any future orders with this parts house was to have the order shipped!

To be continued…

Press to leave a comment.


Do You Have
EXPERTISE in NON-PROFITS?

Joe Rinaudo, founder of Silent Cinema Society, is currently forming a non-profit which he calls SCAT —Silent Cinema Art and Technology — to fund the restoration and preservation of the actual machines and media of the silent era.

Advice and suggestions in the area of non-profits are most welcome. Contact Joe Rinaudo here.

Through Silent Cinema Society, which is comprised of you, the fans and supporters of silent cinema, Joe will continue to enlighten and entertain with The Newsreel newsletter; this Silent Cinema Society website; and hopefully soon, live shows where audiences are once again able to wear big hats that block the screen. SCAT, the non-profit, will also support Silent Cinema Society so that information and entertainment will continue to be presented to you, silent cinema fans. Lady, will you please take off that big hat!